Charles Darwin anticipated the criticism that might greet the publication, in 1859, of On the Origin of Species. He fought against confirmation bias by actively trying to find fault with his own theories, and knew what it would take to falsify them. “If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down” (though, in a more confident tone of voice, he added: “but I can find no such case”)...
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